📄️ Maps are not neutral
How choices about boundaries, names, scale, categories and authority make maps powerful representations rather than neutral pictures of reality.
📄️ The survey and the state
Historical lessons from colonial surveying, Waitara, the Native Land Court and military mapping for modern Māori GIS governance.
📄️ Waimamaku 2
The Te Roroa Waimamaku 2 survey-plan case and what it teaches modern GIS about provenance, competing versions, field knowledge and the institutional power of a map.
📄️ Māori mapping as evidence
How Māori-created maps, place records and GIS can preserve evidence, support claims, strengthen planning and carry knowledge across generations.
📄️ Place names and cartographic authority
How official naming, traditional place names, basemaps and GIS labels affect authority, language, history and Māori geographic knowledge.