📄️ Cloud is not one thing
Compare SaaS, managed cloud, New Zealand cloud regions, managed databases, private cloud, local servers and hybrid GIS from a Māori data-sovereignty perspective.
📄️ Data residency is not sovereignty
Why storing Māori GIS data in New Zealand can matter but does not by itself determine authority, jurisdiction, access, copying, AI use, migration or long-term control.
📄️ Should our hapū use the cloud?
A practical guide for hapū comparing cloud, local and hybrid GIS by workload, hosting, resilience, cost, capability, control and exit path.
📄️ Local and hybrid GIS
Compare local desktop, NAS, on-premises, disconnected and hybrid GIS for Māori organisations, including resilience, security, skills, backups and public/private separation.
📄️ QGIS, GeoPackage and PostGIS
How open-source QGIS, portable GeoPackage files and PostgreSQL/PostGIS can support Māori GIS while still requiring governance, backup, security and capability.
📄️ ArcGIS Online and Enterprise
A balanced Māori Data Sovereignty guide to ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Enterprise, including hosting, permissions, exports, views, metadata, costs and self-hosting burden.
📄️ Cost of a Māori GIS
Understand the capital, platform, labour, capability, security, preservation, switching and exit costs of a sustainable Māori GIS.
📄️ Ten-year cost models
Illustrative 2026 NZ dollar planning models for individual, hapū, cloud, SaaS, on-premises, hybrid and iwi GIS over ten years.
📄️ The one-person problem
Reduce Māori GIS dependency on one volunteer, staff member or consultant by using dual administration, organisational accounts, runbooks, recovery tests and succession.
📄️ When funding ends
Plan for licences, hosting, passwords, backups, archives, support and capability when Māori GIS project funding or a consultant engagement ends.
📄️ Artificial intelligence and GIS
Practical Māori GIS guidance on AI inference, document extraction, model outputs, provenance, governance, training, public information and local/private AI.